1/2 in. x 10 ft. PVC Schedule 40 Conduit

Yes, but not underground and not in wet or damp locations. See NEC article 334.

No you need a bigger diameter the 1/2 will be very very tight when pulling wire through it.

Why not use 3/4? Much easier.

If the conduit is run vertically, you will be ok. But, if you run the conduit horizontal for more than about four feet, you will see it sag when it gets hot in the summer. I ran some at a industrial facility along a metal building, supporting it every four feet, and it looks like waves now. If you have to run the conduit horizontal along the house, I would recommend EMT conduit. This PVC conduit is best for underground or "stubbing up" vertically into boxes or equipment.

yes, without a problem. I advise using pulling lube to make your life easier.

Yes it is UV sunlight stable. However, pvc pipe is designed to be malleable when heated. So what I found is that if you run the conduit vertically and use straps it will be fine. If you intend for it to be run horizontally off the ground, then you will need to limit the run to 4 or 5 ft or use straps every 2 feet. I ran about 100ft horizontally at about a 4 ft height with straps every 5ft. Came back the next year and the conduit looked like the waves in the ocean! On the ground this is normally not an issue.

Yes

yes it can be.

yes just be sure to ream the inside so there are no burrs.

It can certainly bend and is flexible. However, it depends on how much you need to bend it. It might crease or break if bent too far but they are very flexible.