Yes you can because I use them to attach my 2x4 to my picket fence.
what you propose will work. However you should also Cut the joist end at the appropriate angle so that it fits flush against the back of the hanger. That insures that your nails through the sides of the hanger will fully contact the joist.
These are only 8 inches long and the bottom set of nail holes are roughly 3/4 inch from the bottom. If you hang it off of a 2x8 ledger board you won't be able to use the bottom set or nail holes. There is another tab above that hole that you could punch a hole in to get another row of nails. It should be structurally sound, but, probably not to code.
Yes. Search Simpson Strong-Tie and look for a dealer near you. I got mine at Home Depot.
If the question is what is the load bearing strength of this hanger? Simpson Strong-Tie load tables show an allowable load of 830 lbs per joist. See website: https://www.strongtie.com/facemounthangersssl_solidsawnlumberconnector/luc-lu-u-hu-huc_productgroup_wcc/p/luc.lu.u.hu.huc#LoadTables
I would think with concrete lags you could,
The LUC26Z is sized for a nominal 2x member (2x6 or 2x8); 1 1/2" actual width. It is not intended for rough lumber. Thank you!
No it will not stick very well.
Yes, 10d common nails (0.148" diameter x 3" long) can be used in place of the specified 16d common nails (0.162" diameter x 3 1/2" long) with a 0.84 adjustment factor. Thank you!
No. Exterior work requires galvanize so use Simpson 2 1/2" it does not take away from the strength of the beam. Yes. Interior work You can use a 2" or greater truss screw. This is as close as you can get.